Old Brewery in San Francisco

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As part of the mid-nineteenth-century commercial and manufacturing development of San Francisco following the Gold Rush, the establishment of breweries in the 1850s and later took advantage of relevant available resources: labor, the port, other transportation facilities, and water for the brewing process.

The city's proximity to inland California's cultivation of barley and hops was another key factor to the early success of San Francisco's brewing industry. While some breweries in the city were established by Irish immigrants during this period, many firms were founded by German immigrants, following the national and statewide pattern.

The Irish-born settlers Thomas FE. Green and Jacob Lynn began the operation of the Jackson Brewing Company (Jackson Brewery Company) in ca. 1858-59, near the waterfront at the eastern edge of San Francisco's South-of-Market area. By ca. 1867, a new partnership of William A. Frederick and Joseph Behrens, both German immigrants, acquired the Jackson Brewing Company. Eventually, Frederick established two additional brewery facilities for the company, the second of which remains intact at its present site. The company's demise was essentially brought on by Prohibition.

Despite the closure of the business operations of the Jackson Brewing Company, its physical plant has remained substantially intact. The Jackson Brewing Company district was constructed in 1905-06, and largely rebuilt in 1912 after the Earthquake and Fire of 1906. The plan of the brewery as well as the design of its individual buildings was dictated by the various operations of the plant. Similar to other contemporaneous breweries and industrial buildings across the country, the Jackson Brewing Company utilizes the picturesque imagery of the Romanesque Revival to create a cohesive, asymmetrical composition of brick buildings. Since its construction, the district has achieved a visual prominence in the western section of the city's South-of-Market Street industrial area.

The Jackson Brewing Company and the Empire Malt House (Bauer and Schweitzer Malting Company, 1908), located at 441-451 Francisco Street, are the only two extant early-twentieth century brewery and malting facilities, which still possess integrity. A third contemporaneous facility, the Rainier Brewing Company (1915, with later additions) at 1550 Bryant Street, has been so substantially altered that it is no longer representative of breweries constructed during the early twentieth century.

The Jackson Brewing Company is a notable San Francisco example of Romanesque Revival industrial architecture dating from the early twentieth century. As employed at the Jackson Brewing Company, the style is characterized by exposed brick volumes grouped around a prominent square-in-plan tower, and a restrained use of detailing to enliven the various elevations. This interpretation simplifies the more muscular Romanesque Revival imagery of the late nineteenth century. The most important local example of the earlier episode of the Romanesque Revival as applied to an industrial building is the San Francisco Gas Light Company building (1891-1893; attributed to Joseph B. Crockett) at 3640 Buchanan Street. In the 1920s, the Romanesque Revival continued to be used in the design of industrial buildings. Two San Francisco examples which are significant for their design are the Hills Bros. Coffee Plant (1924-1926; George Kelham, architect) at 2 Harrison Street, and the International Baking Company Building (Continental Baking Company, 1928, with later additions; Bliss and Fairweather, architects) at 1501-1525 Bryant Street. The Jackson Brewing Company does not possess the level of artistic value expressed in the design of the other Romanesque Revival buildings cited. However, it is a competent example of the style. The district derives greater architectural significance as a particularly well-planned early-twentieth century brewery, comprised of functionally designed Romanesque Revival buildings.

Early San Francisco Brewing Industry:
William Bull's Empire Brewery, established by 1849 at 2^nd Street near Mission Street, in San Francisco, is generally credited as the first regular brewery in California. Several others were also listed in the 1850 San Francisco city directory, but are not assumed to be important business competitors in a city whose population was nearly 35,000. At least fifteen breweries had operations in San Francisco by 1856, many owned by Germans, e.g., Adam Schuppert (California Brewery), Jacob Gundlach (Bavarian Brewery), Jacob Specht (San Francisco Brewery), Seidenstrecker and Rathe (Washington Brewery). Other breweries at that time were established by people of English and Irish descent like Lyon & Company (Eagle Brewery) and J.D. Gibson (Eureka Brewery); they used the British method of top-fermentation yeast for ale, porter, and stout, which was characterized by a dark rich appearance and taste.

Prior to the introduction of refrigeration in the late nineteenth century, most of the early breweries in San Francisco, however, made steam beer. While using bottom-fermentation yeast, as was the case for brewing light-tasting lager beer, steam beer could ferment at a higher temperature and more quickly than traditional German lager beer, which required slow fermentation at lower temperatures.

Another German-born resident of San Francisco, Claus Spreckels, became engaged in brewing shortly after he arrived in the city in 1856. Better known for the wealth he acquired later through refining sugar, Spreckels initially followed the business route taken by many German immigrants to the state, that of being a grocer. It was not long before Spreckels looked to other means of income. According to a local trade magazine:

At the end of the 1850s, the number of breweries in San Francisco had increased to eighteen, producing about 3,300 barrels (each usually containing thirty-one gallons) of beer a year, and employing about one hundred persons. During the 1860s, various city directory editions noted the fluctuations of the brewery trade; an average of about twenty-two establishments were operating each year throughout the decade. In 1866 "76,602 barrels of beer, a 25% increase over the previous year" was produced by seventeen breweries that employed 138 men.

The John Wieland Brewing Company (Philadelphia Brewery) was the leading brewery in San Francisco and on the West Coast by the late 1850s. Wieland, a German immigrant who had earlier associations with Philadelphia, PA, purchased the August Hoelscher & Company brewery in 1856 after he had established his Own San Francisco firm in 1855. The San Francisco City Directory (1859-60) reported:

Production at the Philadelphia Brewery went from 3,800 barrels annually in 1862 to 47,000 barrels in 1880.

By the early 1880s, other prominent independent breweries in San Francisco were the Chicago Brewery, which manufactured 25,000 barrels annually; and the Hibernia, Washington, National, Empire, and Albany Breweries whose annual production was 15,000 barrels each. These figures can be compared to statewide beer production, which went from 300,000 barrels in 1880 to 750,000 barrels in 1900. Improved production was aided in San Francisco, throughout California, and elsewhere by greater quality control based on Louis Pasteur's fermentation experiments in France (1876) and the introduction of artificial refrigeration devices in the late nineteenth century. This period was also characterized by English investors who were active in purchasing existing San Francisco companies. The start of business mergers among some of the breweries occurred contemporaneously. However, as the twentieth century began, census records utilized by recent historians indicate that locally: "eighty percent of all workers in beer brewing were German."

Jackson Brewing Company (ca.1858-1880):
When Thomas E. Green and Jacob Lynn founded the Jackson Brewery Company in ca. 1858-59, eleven other breweries were operating in the city. Apparently, their partnership continued for about two years; Green later assumed sole proprietorship of the firm at its original location, 235 1^st Street, until the mid-1860s. William A. Frederick and Joseph Behrens then became Owners of the Jackson Brewery. This new partnership was also short-lived. The brewery remained under the ownership of William A. Frederick, and later his family, from ca. 1869-70 to the years of World War II.

By 1871 Frederick had relocated the Jackson Brewery Company to a site in the western section of the South-of-Market area at 1428 Mission Street, between 10^th and 11^th Streets. However, the company continued to be listed in the 1871 city directory at both addresses. An early graphic representation of the Jackson Brewery at its Mission Street site is found on a Sanborn Fire Insurance Map (1889); it shows the brewery located near the southwest corner of a city block, with a pair of residences (including the Fredericks' dwelling) fronting Mission Street.

The modest complex of two- and three-story buildings arranged roughly in a T-shaped plan accommodated the brewing operations. Secondary access to the firm's facility was possible on Jessie Street, a mid-block cul-de-sac, accessible from 10^th Street. Twenty individuals are noted as being employed at the brewery, in addition to there not being any malt kilns on the property.

Following the death of William A. Frederick (ca. 1885), the W.A. Frederick & Company became proprietors of the Jackson Brewery; his widow Mary Frederick was joined by brewery employees George Schafer and Daniel Sullivan in operating the company.

This business arrangement was altered slightly by 1896 when William A. Frederick, Jr. took over as president subsequent to his managerial duties. The firm was re-named at this time as the Jackson Brewing Company.

Jackson Brewing Company (late 1880s-1919):
In the late 1880s W.A. Frederick & Company began conducting business at its present location, the southeast corner of Folsom and 11^th Streets, merely two blocks south of its Mission Street brewery. Probably due in part to a lack of malt kilns, W.A. Frederick & Company became proprietors of the Star Malt House that stood on the Folsom and 11^th Street site. Brewery-related activities had taken place at this location since the early 1870s. Initially Paddon, Dexter & Company were brewers and maltsters there until the middle of the decade when Edwin Merrifield and Levi Rosener established the Star Brewery. Eventually this business became the Star Brewery and Malt House (later, the Star Malt House), with the brothers Samuel and Henry Rosener as proprietors. Their malting of about 1,000 tons of barley per year was recorded in 1882. The brewery's location as well as others along the Folsom Street horse car railway were recalled fondly some years later.

The Sanborn Fire Insurance Map (1899) indicates that minimal changes had occurred at the Star Malt House/Jackson Brewing Company complex during the 1890s. A basically U-shaped composition of buildings lined the perimeter of the parcel, which had 100-foot frontage on Folsom Street and 152-foot frontage on 11^th Street. Between the mid-1890s and the early 1900s the Jackson Brewing Company purchased two additional parcels on the same block, south of its initial holding. The acquisition of these adjacent parcels increased the 11^th Street frontage to a total of 325 feet; and a third, eastern frontage, (175 feet) was obtained on Juniper Street, a mid-block cul-de-sac, accessible from Folsom Street.

The Jackson Brewing Company's Mission Street facility was still used for brewing operations by the firm until ca. 1906. However, in 1905 the company initiated the construction of a new brewery at the Folsom and 11^th Street site, replacing the existing malting house. The site plan of the new facility, whose designer is unknown, is similar to the layout of the current Jackson Brewing Company district: a pair of brick buildings separated by a narrow passageway extended southward from Folsom Street. The composition with regard to Folsom Street also suggests the arrangement of the former Star Malt House buildings.

The complex was under construction at the time of the Earthquake and Fire of 1906. Historic photographs and the contemporary account of Richard Lewis Humphrey of the U.S. Geological Survey, indicate that the complex faired badly. Yet, a fragment of the original complex was salvaged, which currently is the first story of 1475 Folsom and the arched carriage entry.

Soon after the 1906 disaster, the Jackson Brewing Company constructed a small building at 351 11^th Street at the southwest corner of their property, which was used as temporary offices. It may be that other construction was initiated at the site by late 1906 and 1907; in addition to partial building permit records this suggestion is supported by two permits issued on 24 September 1912 to the Jackson Brewing Company. Accompanying the 1912 permits issued for the construction of several brick buildings including 1489 Folsom, and 311 11^th Street is a sketched site plan indicating the presence of several existing buildings: 1475 and 1479 Folsom Street and 333 11^th Street.

No architect's name appears on the 1912 building permits, but James T. Ludlow, Engineer is written instead with Kaufman and Edwards as the builder. Descriptions of the brewery's construction, based on public records which were published at the time, indicated a variation in the personnel involved with the project:

A perspective drawing of the brewery, credited to Ludlow, and a short article describing the project in the San Francisco Chronicle (7 September 1912) convey the plans for the brewery:

Current biographical material on James T. Ludlow is limited. His name began to appear in the local city directories in 1888; these indicated his profession as a draftsman. During the 1890s he worked in that capacity for the. Vulcan Iron Works; then achieved the position of superintendent there at least by 1900. Two years later he established himself as a mechanical engineer, which he continued to practice as through 1907. The next year Ludlow was listed as vice-president and consulting engineer with Ammonia Cyanide Engineering Company. He continued to list himself as a consulting engineer from 1909 to 1912, and throughout his later years. At the time of his death in 1929, Ludlow was remembered as a "widely known refrigeration expert," having established "ice plants in many of San Francisco's largest establishments." He was president of Ludlow Engineering Company; he was also president of the San Francisco Ice Rink, which he founded in 1926.

The selection of James T. Ludlow for the brewery seems to have been a logical one due to his engineering experience. The Sanborn Fire Insurance Map (1913) confirms the extent to which his scheme was realized. The brew house located at 1489 Folsom, the corner building with tower was constructed as originally designed. The stock house at 311 11^th Street, immediately to the south was projected as a three-story building, but was realized as a two-story building. Ludlow illustrates the barrel washing/beer cooler at 333 11^th Street as a three-story building, though his 1912 building permit calls it out as an existing "wood house, present platform." The Sanborn Map represents it as a three-story and basement frame building with brick veneer on its west elevation. 1475 - 1479 Folsom Street, indicated as an existing malt house, kiln and boiler on the 1912 permit is partially illustrated by Ludlow as a five-story building, which is confirmed by the Sanborn Map.

The Sanborn Map (1913) also represents an iron-clad on wood frame bottling house with an attached wagon shed running along the southern property boundary, in contrast to a brick bottling house Ludlow projected to construct near the southern edge of the eastern property line. A cooper shop, wagon shed, and beer storage addition to 333 11^th Street complete the complex's buildings as represented on the Sanborn Map. According to the Sanborn Map (1913, rev. 1919), another story has been added to the south end of 1475 Folsom, the addition to 333 Folsom was removed, a one story brick addition was made to 1479 Folsom, and a wagon shed was attached to the north wall of the bottling house.

The Jackson Brewing Company is characteristic of contemporary brewery architecture found throughout the United States. The Romanesque Revival imagery of its design reflected the general pattern of enlivening a traditionally functional form with the range of "High Victorian architectural style of the day," and in some cases breweries "were expressions of the German origins of their owners and workers." In a general sense, the work of the Boston architect Henry Hobson Richardson during the 1870s and 1880s influenced the prominent use of the Romanesque Revival for public buildings, commercial buildings, churches, and other large-scale buildings throughout the country until the late 1890s-early 1900s.

Noted examples of Romanesque Revival breweries were the Anheuser-Busch facility in St. Louis, MO (1891-92, Edmund Jungerfeld, architect), and the Lone Star Brewery Company in San Antonio, TX (1895-1904, E. Jungerfeld and Company, architect). The design of other San Francisco breweries of the later nineteenth century such as the Hagemann Brewing Company (formerly Claus Spreckels' Albany Brewery), the Enterprise Brewing Company, and the National Brewing Company conveyed similar impressions.

The layout of the Jackson Brewing Company follows a common brewery plan, allowing for easy service circulation from the public road to and among the buildings. Access to the L-shaped plant from Folsom and 11^th Streets, as well as from Juniper Street, converged at a service yard near the southeast corner of the complex.

The varied forms and composition of the brewery's heat-resistant brick buildings were dictated characteristically by its malting and brewing operations. The beer-making process at the brewery began by malting the barley in the malt house at 1475 and 1479 Folsom Street (when in operation); after the grain was soaked and drained in steep vats, it was dried in a kiln. The malted barley was then transferred to the tall brew house located at 1489 Folsom Street, where it was dropped through a malt mill and the sifted grain was stored in larger hoppers. The grain was then mashed creating the "wort" to which hops were added and brought to a boil. Yeast was added to the resulting liquid and then stored in barrels in the beer cooler at 333 11^th Street where it was allowed to ferment. The stock house, located at 319 lith Street would have accommodated a variety of storage needs. The final stage of the beer-making process was its bottling; this took place in the bottling house at 351 11^th Street, which was physically required to be separate from the other activities as a means of controlling the Internal Revenue tax ($1.00 per barrel) imposed on the product. The free-standing bottling house also facilitated the maintenance of a sanitary environment for the concluding activity.

Jackson Brewing Company Site (1919-Present):
Prohibition, ushered in by the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (ratified 29 January 1919), effectively ended the Jackson Brewing Company's manufacture of beer. When Prohibition ended in December 1933, other small-scale operations re-opened but the Jackson Brewing Company did not. The deaths of Mary Frederick and her son, William A. Frederick, Jr. in the 1920s, may have contributed to the business decision made by daughter, Mary L. Frederick, heir to the estate.

Whether it was manufactured locally or not, beer continued to be available in San Francisco throughout Prohibition; it was not only thought of as the "wettest" spot in California, but believed to be one of the three wettest in the nation, along with New York and Chicago. Description of any activity at the Jackson Brewing Company during this period is currently not known. However, among the "legitimate" pursuits of local and national breweries prior to Repeal (Twenty-first Amendment) was the manufacture of malt syrup and yeast for bakers, the bottling of soft drinks, medicines, etc.

More recently, since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, internal seismic retrofitting has commenced at 1479 Folsom Street. Also, the reconstruction of the sixth-floor penthouse at 1489 Folsom Street.

Site Description

The Jackson Brewing Company district is located at the southeast corner of Folsom and 11^th Streets, San Francisco. Its flat site typifies much of the surrounding area known as South of Market. The area is dominated by industrial and commercial buildings. The orthogonal street pattern of this section of San Francisco is distinct in orientation from the grid that developed north of Market Street and elsewhere in the city.

The current site plan of the six buildings comprising the L-shaped industrial district reflects the historical use of the site. The arrangement of the flat-roofed buildings was determined by the three primary activities that took place while the brewery was in operation: malting, brewing, and bottling.

Two linear series of buildings, situated parallel to each other and separated by a narrow service alley, housed the malting and brewing processes; while the bottling of beer took place in a detached building set perpendicular to the other buildings and separate from them by means of a entrance court and service yard.

The brewery's service yard formerly contained a storage building, cooper shop, stable building, and a wagon shed.

The Romanesque Revival is the dominant architectural style employed in the design of the Jackson Brewing Company district. The masonry construction of the complex of rectangular forms, expressing weight and mass, is relieved by round-headed arches all are elements associated with medieval architecture. The medieval imagery is carried out primarily through the use of exposed red brick, and further enhanced by the contrasting color of grey Colusa sandstone used for details, especially as the foundation (two to three rusticated courses to one dressed course) along Folsom and 11^th Streets.

1489 Folsom Street (Building A):
The corner building at 1489 Folsom Street (brew house, 1912), which has direct frontages on Folsom and 11^th Streets, is a five-story building with a tower penthouse and partial basement; its steel-frame construction is enclosed by brick load-bearing walls (laid five stretchers to one header). The classical tripartite composition of the building's vertical block-like form is accentuated at the northwest corner by a tower element that projects slightly from the mass. Within the district, its design is the most forceful expression of the Romanesque Revival.

Arched window and door openings with plain hood-moldings establish an arcaded quality on the ground floor of the two principal facades (north and west elevations). Above the simplified entablature that marks the building's ground floor, the elevations are composed of more distinct bays, defined by simply articulated colossal pilasters and fenestration that follow the ground floor composition. Rounded arched openings on the fourth floor and a corbeled cornice terminate the middle portion of the building, while the upper section is crowned by a parapet of stepped brickwork with rusticated sandstone detailing. Capping the corner tower element is a penthouse with fluted pilasters and a restrained cornice. In essence, the pilasters serve as capitals for the colossal pilasters that frame the entire tower element.

The main entrance to 1489 Folsom Street is located in the western bay of the north elevation; a service entrance has been created in the central bay of the west elevation. Eight-Light fixed sash windows with fixed lunettes are used on the ground floor. Two of the openings for paired double-hung windows on the second floor have been altered; the treatment of the east bay of the north elevation is distinct from the other openings on that floor. The third, fourth, and fifth-floor fenestration consists of pairs of double-hung windows with two-lights each for upper and lower sash. The fenestration of the penthouse consists of paired, two-light fixed sash. On the roof, an existing rectangular wire-glass skylight with a louvered monitor originally provided central illumination from the fifth floor down to the second.

Since the 1940s there have been some alterations to the building. In January 1944 a building permit was issued with a description of the work to be done as: "Build Parapet and reroof Old building." Four months later the "large machinery" was taken out of the building and a permit issued to replace a brick wall that was removed for that activity. According to other building permits, internal changes regarding the use of space on the ground and second floors occurred in 1945 and during 1954-55. A similar type of work for the ground floor interior was done from the mid to late 1980s, subsequent to the rehabilitation of the building with regard to local building code requirements. Brickwork on the west parapet and north and west exterior walls of the penthouse was repaired recently due to damage suffered in the October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.

1475 Folsom Street (Building B):
Along the direct frontage of the brewery's Folsom Street elevation and slightly setback is an arched carriage entrance with a second-story overpass. The arched entrance leads to a service alley and links the corner building at 1489 Folsom Street with a narrow two-story with basement (originally five-story until ca. 1950) brick and steel-frame building at 1475 Folsom Street (malt house, 1905-06; 1912). 1475 Folsom Street and the adjacent carriage entrance are distinguished from the rest of the district by the use, on the north elevation, of smaller scale and more heavily ornamented ground floor openings. Their distinction is explained by the apparent fact that they are remnants of the Jackson Brewing Company building (1905-06), which was "wrecked" by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire while under construction. The use of similar materials (i.e. brick laid five stretchers to one header, with sandstone details) for 1475 Folsom Street and the carriage entrance/overpass was continued in the later buildings (1912) of the complex.

The ground floor brick wall is pierced by a three-bay row of narrow arched openings that are defined with corbeled brick imposts and brick molding. Double-hung windows (six-light upper and lower sash) with fanlights flank the central opening; it frames an entrance door with transom (post-1905-06) situated below a fixed sash window of six lights and a fanlight. The sandstone foundation with a rusticated sandstone stringcourse, forms a dado along the front (north) elevation of 1475 Folsom Street and continues across the arch that spans the carriage entrance. The arch is decorated further with rusticated sandstone imposts, paired voussoirs, keystone, and molding. The ground floor composition is delineated by an entablature that is essentially common with that of 1489 Folsom Street.

In harmony with the ground floor fenestration, simple brick pilasters divide the second story of 1475 Folsom Street into three bays with jack (flat) arched openings. These are filled with double-hung windows of six lights each for the upper and lower sash. Two narrow, jack arched openings with casement windows (four lights for each part) are above the carriage entrance.

A simple four-story brick shaft rises on the southern portion of 1475 Folsom Street. Two additional floors which suffered damage in the 1989 earthquake were removed; one original floor of brick and a later wood-frame addition above it. Its three exposed elevations are sparingly punctured by segmental-arched double-hung windows of six lights each for the upper and lower sash. A small, three-story brick element projecting to the east is original to the brewery.

1479 Folsom Street (Building C):
Respecting the rectangular footprint of 1475 Folsom Street, another brick and steel-frame building at 1479 Folsom Street (1905-06; 1912) is adjacent to the south, accessible from the west via the service alley. It consists of three parts in linear sequence: a) a four-story (originally five-story[?]) portion that housed the malt kiln; 2) a one-story portion used as the engine house, whose chimney stack was removed; and 3) a one-story addition (ca. 1913-19).

The elevations of 1479 Folsom Street are basically treated in a manner similar to the west elevation of 1475 Folsom Street; the brickwork of the planar walls is characterized by the five-to-one bonding. Narrow segmental-arched openings for windows and doors relieve the overall mass; a restrained use of brick detailing is also visible.

319 11^th Street (Building D):
Adjacent and south of the corner building at 1489 Folsom Street is 319 11^th Street, another brick building with sandstone foundation. 319 11^th Street (stock house, 1912) was proposed originally to be a four-story building, but the design was never realized to that height. Instead, the scheme was modified and constructed as a two-story brick with steel- and iron-frame building, characterized by its horizontal, classical proportions. Plain colossal pilasters, similar to those found on 1489 Folsom Street, separate the west elevation into five bays. The central bay is defined by a tall, narrow, round-headed arch brick surround, with rectangular brick surrounds used for the flanking second-floor windows. Other decorative elements such as the bonding (five-to-one), paneled treatment of the face brick, and stepped brickwork along the second-story stringcourse, cornice, and parapet, further emphasize the relationship of design between 319 11^th Street and 1489 Folsom Street.

Nearly all of the window sash has been altered, in addition, new door openings have been inserted on the ground floor, as a result of internal changes. The west elevation has been sandblasted. The parapet brickwork was repaired after the 1989 earthquake.

333 11^th Street (Building E):
333 11^th Street (barrel washing and beer cooler, 1905-06; 1912) is a single story (originally three-story) with basement iron-frame building with brick veneer used on its west elevation. As found on the brick buildings of the district, the bonding is five stretchers to one header. The simply composed facade consists of a wide central pavilion that projects slightly from the long rectangular form of the building. The pavilion's planar wall is marked by a centrally placed, round-headed arch doorway. In turn, the similar flanking planar walls are articulated by narrow, paired arched openings for double-hung windows (four lights each for upper and lower sash) and brick tympanums. A simple wooden clapboard cornice surmounts the building.

Following the removal of the top two stories (ca. 1919-1950), the east and south elevations of the building were left open. In 1949 these were enclosed with corrugated iron walls, and then sheathed in stucco in 1986. The central doorway on the west elevation was changed in the mid-1980s from a loading dock, to provide pedestrian access at the time the building was converted to restaurant-related use.

351 11^th Street (Building F):
The southeast corner of the district is defined by a free-standing rectangular building, 351 11^th Street (bottling house, 1912). Situated with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the other district buildings, it has a commodious set-back from the street and distance from the rest of the complex. The open area facing 11^th Street served as a large service entrance court (with a small office building at the southwest corner until ca. 1919-50), which provided access to the service yard located to the north and to the rear of 333 11^th Street and 1479 Folsom Street.

351 11^th Street is a two-story and basement building, constructed of heavy timber- and steel-frame, and sheathed in corrugated iron siding. A long, narrow single-story section (originally a wagon shed) is sheathed also in corrugated iron, and flanks the main portion of the building on its south elevation. The two-story building's straightforward design displays minimal detailing; only a thin wooden cornice terminates the volumetric form.

The division of the interior into bays is suggested externally by the rhythmic placement of windows on the north elevation. Along the first floor of the north and east elevations, double-hung windows (eight lights each for upper and lower sash) remain in place. The window sash in the second-floor openings on the north and west elevations has been altered, and a limited number of new openings have been introduced.

A fire in 1947 damaged the interior and south elevation of the building. In 1949 a loading dock was built at the southwest corner of the one-story section.

Looking southeast (1906)

Looking east (1906)

Aerial photograph looking northeast (1952)

Looking southeast (1983)

3^rd and 4^th floors (1992)

4^th floor looking northwest (1992)

Looking southeast (1983)

Looking northeast (1992)

Looking north (1992)

Looking southeast (1992)

Looking northeast (1983)

Looking southwest (1992)